Chapel Hill is centrally located between the mountains to the West and the Atlantic Ocean to the East; the village enjoys a favorable climate. The mountains form a partial barrier to cold air masses moving eastward from the nation's interior, so that there are very few days in the heart of winter when the temperature drops below 20 degrees F. Tropical air is present over the eastern and central sections of North Carolina during much of the summer, bringing warm temperatures and high humidities. Chapel Hill averages annually 112 clear days, 253 partly cloudy or cloudy days, 83 freezing days, no zero degree days, 33 ninety-degree days, and 8 mph average wind speed. Rainfall is spread evenly among the seasons.

The topographical terrain in Chapel Hill is rolling with elevations from 200 feet to 500 feet within a 10-mile radius. It is situated in the transition zone between the Coastal Plains and the Piedmont Plateau.